Cowpea resistance and bioactivity of two diatomaceous earths against Callosobruchus maculatus (F.) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) on three cowpea varieties

The bruchid, Callosobruchus maculatus (F.) is the most important pest of stored cowpea in tropical climates. Experiments were conducted to evaluate the susceptibility of three cowpea varieties and the bioactivity of SilicoSec® and FossilShield® against this insect pest under ambient laboratory conditions at the contents 0, 0.5, 1, 1.5 and 2 g/kg of cowpea. The Dobie susceptibility index for cowpea genotypes was estimated to compare their relative tolerance to this insect pest. Adult mortality was assessed after 1, 2, 4 and 6 days of exposure followed by the evaluation of the F₁ progeny. Population increase, percentage seed damage and weight loss were assessed after three months of storage. The results showed that the CRPS and TN5-78 varieties were highly susceptible to C. maculatus, while Lori variety was moderately susceptible to the weevil. SilicoSec® and FossilShield® caused a significant and increasing bruchid mortality according to the dose rates and periods of exposure. Malathion 5% caused complete mortality after one day exposure time. SilicoSec® was more effective than FossilShield® on the three varieties of cowpea. The greatest dose of SilicoSec® and FossilShield® (2 g/kg) caused 100% mortality on all three varieties; 4 days of exposure in the Lori variety was the shortest exposure time leading to complete mortality. Regarding LD₅₀ and LD₉₅ values, it was observed that C. maculatus adults are more susceptible to SilicoSec® than to FossilShield®.The two formulations of diatomaceous earth (1.5 g/kg) reduced the F₁ progeny by more than 70%, and produced less than 10% of seed damage and weight loss for the three varieties of cowpea. The varietal resistance and the use of diatomaceous earth against C. maculatus in storage could represent an alternative to Malagrain® for the protection of the cowpea.     

早冠丝瓜406新品种的选育

早冠丝瓜406是以S4为母本、X06为父本配制而成的一代杂种.极早熟,植株主蔓分枝性强,生长性强盛;雌花节位低,首朵雌花着生于主蔓第5节~7节,采收期为播种后58 d^60 d开始;嫩瓜呈长棒形,果端较圆,果皮深绿色,单果重0.5 kg^0.9 kg,果实纵径42 cm^50 cm,横径3.7 cm^4.2 cm,前期产量为16772.0 kg/hm^2,总产量可达47447.5 kg/hm^2.适合长江流域、云贵高原及湖南地区早春设施和露地栽培.     

全媒体时代综艺晚会的发展策略探析

全媒体技术的发展推动我们进入全媒体时代,在全媒体时代下,综艺晚会要以引领大众的审美潮流以及与观众保持较强的互动作为发展方向。总结了全媒体时代下综艺晚会的有效发展策略,包括精心策划、利用高科技等。     

The Content of Polyphenolic Compounds in Cocoa Beans (Theobroma cacao L.), Depending on Variety,Growing Region,and Processing Operations: A Review

Polyphenols form the largest group of compounds among natural antioxidants, which largely affect the overall antioxidant and antifree radical activity of cocoa beans. The qualitative and quantitative composition of individual fractions of polyphenolic compounds, even within one species, is very diverse and depends on many factors, mainly on the area of cocoa trees cultivation, bean maturity, climatic conditions during growth, and the harvest season and storage time after harvest. Thermal processing of cocoa beans and cocoa derivative products at relatively high temperatures may in addition to favorable physicochemical, microbiological, and organoleptic changes result in a decrease of polyphenols concentration. Technological processing of cocoa beans negatively affects the content of polyphenolic compounds.     

Acceptance and willingness to pay for health-enhancing bakery products – Empirical evidence for young urban Russian consumers

Our study provides first empirical evidence on young Russian consumers’ attitudes towards novel functional bakery products. We employ two different bakery products, namely bread rolls and biscuits, in our experimental auctions. Both products are derived from purple wheat, an old wheat variety that is naturally rich in anthocyanins (ACNs). ACNs are assumed to possess anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, anti-diabetic and ocular-health-enhancing properties. Participants are 207 students aged 18–30 years from Moscow and Irkutsk. Our results indicate a low level of knowledge about ACNs among participants. However, our results also show that in the presence of information about the health-enhancing characteristics most participants value these products over base products. Our findings also reinforce the idea that the base product matters. Purple wheat bread rolls were better accepted than purple wheat biscuits. Moreover, our results also highlight that the information strategy matters. Participants in our study exhibited a higher willingness to pay for purple wheat biscuits under an old variety information scenario in comparison to an anthocyanin information scenario. Moreover, while our results indicate no significant difference in the perception of the anthocyanin attribute between the two cities, the perception of old grain variety products was slightly different. The share of respondents considering old variety products as healthy was significantly higher in Irkutsk, whereas the share of respondents considering these products as exclusive was significantly higher in Moscow. Thus, while planning future marketing strategies such differences in underlying motives should be taken into account.     

Cover Image,Volume 99, Issue 13

The cover image is based on the Research Article Study of the physical and chemical changes during the maturation of three cocoa clones, EET8, CCN51, and ICS60 by Andrés F Cubillos Bojacá et al., DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.9882 . Cover image ©AGROSAVIA Images.

     

中国建筑话语中的“文脉”(1980年代-1990年代)

对"文脉"一词进入中国建筑话语的历史作出概览式的回顾,并分别以"阙里宾舍"和"西单商业大楼"为例,从设计者的自述与建筑界的评论入手,探讨1980年代末到1990年代初"文脉热"兴起的可能原因。指出对"复古主义"的批判和创作有"民族特色"建筑的愿望是"文脉"一词背后潜在的诉求,同时,也警醒地看到,基于特定时代背景,中国建筑界对西方后现代主义等建筑思潮不可避免地片面理解和吸收,也造成了"文脉"逐渐丧失了其本应具有的批判性与创造力。